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根據鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所用電(dian)(dian)解質材(cai)料的不同，鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)分為(wei)(wei)液態鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(Liquified Lithium-Ion Battery，簡(jian)稱為(wei)(wei)LIB)和聚合物鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(Polymer Lithium-Ion Battery，簡(jian)稱為(wei)(wei)PLB)。

鋰離子電池(Li--ion)

可充電(dian)(dian)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)手機、筆記本電(dian)(dian)腦等(deng)現代數碼產品中應(ying)用最廣泛(fan)的電(dian)(dian)池，但它(ta)較為“嬌氣”，在使(shi)用中不(bu)可過(guo)充、過(guo)放(會損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)池或(huo)使(shi)之(zhi)報(bao)廢(fei))。因此，在電(dian)(dian)池上有(you)保(bao)護元器件或(huo)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)路以(yi)防止昂貴的電(dian)(dian)池損(sun)壞。鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)要求(qiu)很高，要保(bao)證(zheng)終止電(dian)(dian)壓精度(du)在±1%之(zhi)內，各大半導體器件廠已開發出多(duo)種鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)的IC，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)安全(quan)、可靠、快速地充電(dian)(dian)。

手機基(ji)本上(shang)都是(shi)使(shi)用鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。正(zheng)確地(di)使(shi)用鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)對延長電(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命是(shi)十分重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)。它根據不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)可以做(zuo)成扁(bian)平長方(fang)形(xing)、圓柱形(xing)、長方(fang)形(xing)及扣式，并且有(you)由幾個電(dian)池(chi)(chi)串聯并聯在一起組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組。鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)壓，因為(wei)(wei)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，一般為(wei)(wei)3.7V，磷酸鐵鋰(li)（以下稱磷鐵）正(zheng)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)則為(wei)(wei)3.2V。充(chong)滿電(dian)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)終止充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓一般是(shi)4.2V，磷鐵3.65V。鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)終止放電(dian)電(dian)壓為(wei)(wei)2.75V～3.0V(電(dian)池(chi)(chi)廠給出工作電(dian)壓范圍或給出終止放電(dian)電(dian)壓，各參數略有(you)不同，一般為(wei)(wei)3.0V，磷鐵為(wei)(wei)2.5V)。低于(yu)2.5V（磷鐵2.0V）繼(ji)續放電(dian)稱為(wei)(wei)過放，過放對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)會(hui)有(you)損害。

鈷酸鋰(li)(li)類(lei)型材料為(wei)正極的(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不(bu)適合用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，過(guo)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)會降低放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(內部會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較高的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)而損耗能(neng)量(liang))，并可(ke)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)危(wei)險；但磷(lin)酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li)正極材料鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)20C甚至(zhi)更大(da)（C是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)，如C=800mAh，1C充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率即充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)800mA）的(de)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，特(te)別適合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車使用(yong)(yong)。因此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工廠(chang)(chang)給(gei)出最大(da)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，在使用(yong)(yong)中應(ying)小于最大(da)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對溫(wen)度(du)(du)有(you)一定要求，工廠(chang)(chang)給(gei)出了充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)范圍、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)范圍及保存溫(wen)度(du)(du)范圍，過(guo)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)永久性損壞(huai)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應(ying)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)建議，并要求有(you)限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路以(yi)(yi)免發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)流(過(guo)熱)。一般常用(yong)(yong)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)倍率為(wei)0.25C～1C。在大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)往往要檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)，以(yi)(yi)防止(zhi)過(guo)熱損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)爆炸。

鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分為(wei)兩個階段：先(xian)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)接(jie)近終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)改(gai)為(wei)恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。例一種800mAh容量(liang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)4.2V。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)800mA(充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)為(wei)1C)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，開始時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以(yi)較大的斜率(lv)升壓，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓接(jie)近4.2V時(shi)(shi)，改(gai)成4.2V恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)漸(jian)降(jiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化不大，到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降(jiang)為(wei)1/10-50C(各(ge)廠設(she)定(ding)(ding)值不一，不影響使用)時(shi)(shi)，認為(wei)接(jie)近充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)，可以(yi)終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(有的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器到(dao)1/10C后啟動(dong)定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)器，過(guo)一定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)間后結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))。